Examining The Computer History Of Microsoft Information Technology Essay

Examining The Com placeer History Of Microsoft Information Technology EssayBill Gates is one of the richest muckle in the world. The representation he do his money is by developing technology. He and Paul Allen were the two people who founded Microsoft. scarce before they founded Microsoft, they worked on the IBM-PC type 5150 and gave IBM a one the PC-DOS operating system for a onetime fee of 50,000 dollars. But they had to make a deal with Seattle Computer Products in order to outfox this operating system. Then in 1985, with the help of IBM, Gates produced the first retail version on Windows, which was cal take OS/2. After in 1991 Gates said that the OS/2 partnership was over and he would start working on Windows NT. Windows NT was released in 1993, this version was the first 32-bit version on Windows. From that point on, he helped acquire multiple other operating systems like windows 95 which introduced the first novel start menu and the included the Internet Explorer intern et browser. Later in 2000 Gates stepped down as C.E.O of Microsoft and remained as chairman of the board and chief software architect. In 2006, Gates openly stated that he had many a decision to devote his time more towards his charitable foundation. Gates is still the companys chairman. That is how Bill Gates has make of a plowshare to technology.Who is this man? This man was the co-founder and flowing CEO of Apple Inc. Apple is the innovator of iPods, iPads, iPhones and Mac computers. Apple had other projects like the Apple I and Apple Lisa but they werent as successful. The Macintosh was introduced in 1984. This model included a mouse and a graphical user interface rather than the command-line interface. Apple also created the iPod which allowed people to listen to all their favorite medicine, and view all their favourite movies and pictures. When the iPod-touch was released it allowed people to do all that and surf the internet with a Wi-Fi connection and download tonnes of a pps from the app store on the iPod-touch. The iPhone is the same social occasion as an iPod-touch but you can text and call people. The iPad is like the iPod-touch but it is larger and you can get 3G service on it. Therefore, I think Steve Jobs has make a significant contribution towards technology.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPodhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp//www.woopidoo.com/biography/steve-jobs/http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.Magnetic TapeMagnetic Tape is something people use to genius music or videos on. This record was essential in Germany. Separately bought devices can play their music or videos on the Magnetic Tape. Examples of these devices would be VCRs and audio cassette players. The Magnetic Tape was intended to record music at first. This immortalise was original made by Valdemar Poulsen in 1898. He used iron oxide powder, coating a long strip of paper. But was it was hike devolved by a German e lectronic company called AGE (Allgemeine Elektricitata-Gesellschaft) in 1933. AEG also manufactured the recording machines as well. Later on, people wanted to record video on the magnetic tape, so Ampex made a breakthrough innovation. They used a spinning recording head and a normal tape speeds to achieve a very high head to tape speed that could record and reproduce the high bandwidth. Later on, Sony devolved a helical scan and put it in the tape reels. Finally, these tapes are used for data storage. Some good examples would be Computers in 1951. Therefore I think the invention of magnetic tape has contributed to the development of technology greatly.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_tapehttp//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-magnetic-tape.htmhttp//www.wordiq.com/definition/Magnetic_tapeHoward AikenHoward Akien is the original conceptual designer of the Harvard Mark I computer made by IBM. This computer was built using 765,000 components and a lot of wiring. It was 16m in length and 2.4 m in height. Also, it weighed over 4500 kg. This computer was made for calculations. It had 60 sets of 24 switches for entering numbers manually. Also, to each one number only could be 23 digits long. This machine could calculate 3 additions or subtractions in a second, while a multiplication took 6 seconds, a division taking 15.3. But trigonometric function took over a minute. The way that this computer got its information was from punched paper tape. Therefore, I believe that this computer made a great contribution to technology, as the base of our modern day calculator and computer languages were founded from this innovation.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aikenhttp//www.thocp.net/biographies/aiken_howard.htmlhttp//inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htmFreddy WilliamsFreddy Williams is an English engineer. He and Tom Kilburn created the Williams or Williams-Kilburn thermionic vacuum tube, in 1947. This tube was made to store binary data. for each one one of thes e tubes could hold around 512-1024 bits of data. The way this machine stored data was quite fascinating. There would be a cathode ray tube and dots would be drawn on it. The dot becomes positively charged and the area around became negatively charged for a brief moment. This energy could not be transferred and the energy would remain on the surface of the tube for a fraction of a second. This let the device act as the computer memory. The only way to erase a dot is by drawing another dot beside it. Once the memory is safe is when the computer reads the information. Therefore, I believe that this device made a significant contribution to technology because this device laid down the foundation of current day RAM to be developed.http//www.computer50.org/kgill/williams/williams.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Calland_Williamshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_tubeEDSACAn EDSAC or an Electronic continue Storage Automatic Calculator was a British computer. The EDSAC was made b y Maurice Wilkes and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory. This was the first practical stored-program computer. This computer uses mercury turn back lines for memory. The memory has 1024 locations, while each location has 18 bits. The CPU can hold 71 bits. The only commands that this computer had were to add, subtract, multiply, collate, shit left, shift right, load multiplier factor register, store, accumulator, condition skip, read input tape, print character, round accumulator, no-op and stop. The initial orders were hand written on a set of uniselector switches and from there they were loaded into the low speech memory at start up. This was the worlds assembler. People say at that moment the global software industry started, people would prepare their programs by punching them on a paper tape. Soon after, the program will be able to be used at this time the paper was hung on length of line thread up near the paper tape reader. Therefore, I believe that the EDSAC made an important contribution to programming.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Delay_Storage_Automatic_Calculatorhttp//www.cl.cam.ac.uk/mr10/Edsac/edsacposter.pdfhttp//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_uses_of_edsacJacquard loomThe Jacquard loom was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801. This loom is controlled by punched tease. There are multiple holes punched in each card that make a design of the textile. The way that a hole is punched into the card is by the Bolus hook. Each hook is connected by a harness. These days Jacquards looms are controlled by computers and these computers can have thousands of hooks. The Jacquard loom was the first machine that had the ability to punch cards to control a sequence of operations. This helped the development of computer programming because now programmers didnt have to make their own holes they could make holes using this loom. Also they could make the holes faster. In conclusion, the Jacquards loom helped the devel opment of programming.http//www.thetapestryhouse.com/aboutproducts/jacquard-loom.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_loomhttp//www.ideafinder.com/ account statement/inventions/jacquard.htmThe Machine That Changed the World Scavenger HuntUsing an internet search engine, find a WWW sites that contains the following statements1. miss of Lord Byron, mentored by Babbage, called by some the first programmer. break up Augusta Ada LovelaceURL http//wiki.answers.com/2. Had a job to speed up the 1890 census and devised a punched-card machine.Answer Herman HollerithURL http//wiki.answers.com/3. In 1924 Thomas J. Watson changed the companys name to this name.Answer International Business Machines.URL http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson4. A 1973 Federal Court ruling officially credit Dr. John V. Atanasoff with this invention.Answer first automatic electronic digital computerURL http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vincent_Atanasoff5. Probably the original mechanical counting device t raced back 5,000 years.Answer The abacusURL http//www.kraza.itgo.com/html/computer_history.htm6. This inventor, painter, and sculptor sketched ideas for a mechanical adding machine.Answer Leonardo da Vinci.URL http//wiki.answers.com7. Created a punched-card system to direct movements of needles, thread, and fabric.Answer Joseph JacquardURL http//wiki.answers.com8. Howard Aiken absolute this electromechanical computer.Answer The Mark I later making the Mark II Mark IIIURL http//wiki.answers.com9. Dr. John W. ? and Presper ? created the first fully operating(a) electronic computer called ? (3 answers)Answers Mauchly and J presper Eckert created the ENIAC (electrical numerical integrator and calculator)URLs http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bleniac.htm10. IBM introduced the IBM Personal computer or PC in what year.Answer August 1981URL http//www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc25/pc25_intro.html11. Graphic images where each pixel is bit-mapped and take up more memory.Answ er Bitmap GraphicURL http//wiki.answers.com12. Graphic images defined by geometric shapes each of which can define the attributes of many pixels. These use less memory.Answer Vector GraphicsURL http//wiki.answers.com13. This professor of mathematics joined the Navy in 1943. She led a distinguished career which included developing software for the UNIVAC1. She led the effort to develop the a business language that eventually became COBOL.Answer good will HopperURL http//www.thocp.net/biographies/hopper_grace.html14. This object-oriented version of C programming language is used to develop software for PCs such as Fractal Design Painter, Lotus 123, and games.Answer C++URL http//wiki.answers.com15. The term for communications between remote devices.Answer NetworkingURL http//wiki.answers.com

Formation Hypotheses of White Mountain Magma Series

Formation Hypotheses of White backing Magma serialJulie SophisIntroductionA grouping of igneous rocks, similar in chemical, texture, and mineralogical features which come from a common source magma and atomic number 18 within a similar term and space when intruded are considered a magma series (Lachance, 1978). The White Mountain Magma Series, WMMS, is located in general in newborn Hampshire with a few related plutons mapped in Maine and Vermont. This series received much of its recognition in 1956 and earlier (McHone and Butler, 1984). The White Mountain Magma Series has been placed as part of the new-fangled England-Quebec province, re yielding igneous activity which is considered to be of similar ages and similar studys that stretches over an area of 300km by 400km through southern Quebec and New England (McHone and Butler, 1984). This magmatism of the whole White Mountain igneous province is characterized as A-type (Eby, 1999). In looking specifically at the White Mountain Magma Series, two distinct time frames of igneous activity are found, one older and one junior.The older igneous activity, referred to as the older White Mountain Igneous body politic (OWM), dates to 220-155 Ma (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). Alkali syenites, quartz syenites, metaluminous granite, peralka none granite, peralkaline rhyolites, and two areas of identified silica-undersaturated rock ask been identified (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). There is an absence of mafic igneous rocks and this older area consists of multiple ring dikes (Eby and Kennedy, 2004).The younger igneous activity, currently referred to as Monteregian Hills White Mountain Igneous state of matter (MHWM), is marked at 130-100 Ma (Eby and Kennedy, 2004). The majority of the magmatism is dated to have occurred in nearly 125 Ma however, younger outliers exist (Armstrong and Stump, 1971 Foland and Faul, 1977 Eby and Kennedy, 2004). This younger activity consists of mainly of mafic alkaline suites and felsic rocks in t he intrusions and of this series, small plugs and ring like structures are both present with the most evolved rocks being syenites and quarts with occurrences of biotite granite (Eby and Kennedy, 2004).Many geologists have hypothesized the origin of the magma series. As advances in geological sciences have been make, on with advances in identification of rocks and dating, these hypotheses have evolved. Of these, one of the amaze major ideas include deep seated fractures in a northwest and east-west trending network that act as centers of low pressure and intrusions for melting (Chapman, 1968). A opening of a hotspot origin has been have a bun in the ovened by a greater range of geologists (Crough, 1981b Dun contri unlesse, 1984). A third major surmisal to the origin of the WMMS involves rifting in line with the opening of the Atlantic (Foland and Faul, 1977 McHone, 1981 McHone and Butler, 1984). Since in that respect is no decisive agreement on the origin of the White Mountai n Magma Series, there have been advances in understanding the magma sources themselves (Eby et al., 1992).The ontogeny of hypotheses surrounding the origin of the magmatism in the White Mountain Magma Series will be explored in this paper. The evolution of thought with incorporation of geological advances will be used to determine the current understanding of the White Mountain Magma Series.FormationFracture ZonesCarleton Chapman was one of the first geologists to write about the formation of the WMMS. As published, it was postulated that there are two sets of deep seated fracture zones which form a lattice within the crust of the earth under the WMMS (Chapman, 1968). In this hypothesis, these zones had a set down pressure and underwent partial melting from which mafic magma intruded via rounded chambers and rose to the top of the crust (Chapman, 1968). The mapped absences of igneous activity were taken into account and justified to be repayable to inadequate melting in a particu lar region, prevention from overlying rock in allowing the magma to rise to the surface were it could be mapped, and that igneous rock could have been mistakenly missed in field work or covered by surface rock (Chapman, 1968). The lattice line structure proposed has little march to support it as there are no faults along the proposed structure of lines (McHone and Butler, 1984).HotspotsThe hotspot model appears in a number of papers in which the WMMS is tie in to a hotspot in with the North the Statesn plate moved over. An expanded version of the simple hotspot model has been made with the addition to support of the hotspot origin of the New England Seamount chain and the general movement of the North American plate over a hotspot (Crough, 1981b). In connecting the use of conodant, fission track, radiometric, and tectonic data, a hypothesis that this movement led to the regional uplift of New England was developed (Crough, 1981b). This uplift was at least 4km in comparison to the primal Appalachian region (Crough, 1981b). through and through the plotting of this data, the younger White Mountain Igneous Province forming via the Greater Meteor hotspot track is explained however, the onetime(a) Igneous Province is not accounted for in this trace (Crough, 1981b). This argument has published faults it is argued that due to lack of significant age progression there is a large data falling out along the hotspot trace between the province and used kimberlite and seamounts (McHone, 1981). In addition to this gap, it is pointed out that although a portion of the data does fit the hotspot model, it excludes the Older Igneous Province, leaving many questions as to whether this is due to a mantle plume whose trace has been erased, later magmatism, or other events not known (McHone, 1981). .In support of the hotspot hypothesis in connection to the New England Seamount Chain, the use of radiometric ages of K-Ar and 40Ar-39Ar were examined (Duncan, 1984). From southeast to northwest there is an increase in seamount construction leading to the northwestern United States motion of the North American plate over a New England hotspot between 103 Ma and 83 Ma (Duncan, 1984). Fitting the seamount distribution with a volcano migration rate of 4.7cm/year, the ages align with a larger age progression from the Corner Seamounts, on the east end (70 to 75 Ma) to the younger White Mountain Igneous Province (100 to 124 Ma) (Duncan, 1984). The age-space congenator used does not account for the Older Igneous Province, leaving a gap in the hotspot model (Duncan, 1984).RiftingThrough the dating of 26 igneous complexes via K-Ar analysis, it was thereby ruled out that the single hotspot hypothesis can account for the full formation of the WMMS as it does not account for the spread of ages, a non-consistent time transgression from 98 to 238 Ma, nor does it account for the dates appearing to show more episodic activity than continuous (Foland and Faul 1977). The WMM S complexes were hypothesized to have originated along the extension of a transform fault during sea-floor spreading (Foland and Faul 1977).Arguably, the younger White Mountain Igneous Province and older White Mountain Igneous Province could be initiated and positioned along weak zones of deep-seated fractures, explaining their overlap (McHone, 1981). The overlap seen in mapping of the WMMS can be stress related to the opening of the both the interchange Atlantic and northern Atlantic and the gradual strain along the zones caused magmatism to decrease (McHone, 1981). The regional uplift as a answer of the hotspot movement (Crough, 1981b), can be accounted for by the transfer of heat into the lithosphere by intrusions (McHone, 1981). In an argument against the hypothesis of weakened zones, it is stated there is no global relation between volcanic lineaments and surficial features, the majority of the dated volcanic lineaments show an age progression, midplate volcanism is not known to occur across the same lineaments at sever times, and lastly three major lithospheric faults four separate periods of activation would be needed to account for all features and data (Crough, 1981a).Elaborating upon the proposed hypothesis of weakened zones due to rifting (McHone, 1981), in one case the Atlantic had opened, a significant quantity of granitic magma and undersaturated gabbro-diorite-syenite were formed and hypothesized to be a result of melting in the thick crust caused by quicksilver(a) upwelling or increased heat flow, thus creating the WMMS (McHone and Butler, 1984). The extended nature of the WMMS is proposed to be a result of mantle upwelling along and extensional fracture zone in which the WMMS is a reflection of the orientation and positioning of a deep basement structure parallel to the Connecticut River Valley and Lake Champlain Valley (McHone and Butler, 1984). At the thickest parts of this take down crust, partial melting occurred, crustal thinning and erosion were accelerated by uplift, and the WMMS was emplaced as the deep basement structures were technically active under the influence of mantle convection during rifting (McHone and Butler, 1984). period UnderstandingFrom geochronological data, a thermal anomaly existed for an extended period of time under the WMMS (Eby et al., 1992). The mantle source, through isotopic dating, matches characteristics similar to that of oceanic island basalt source but determining whether that source a hotspot or from rifting is not known (Eby et al., 1992). In either case, it is proposed that the mantle-derived melts were emplaced into the crust at the base and by fractional vitreous silica evolved and this stage was interrupted and the magmas were moved to a higher crustal level where later evolution took place (Eby et al., 1992).The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)which extends to the north and south on either side of the Atlantic Ocean where magmatism occurred at about 200 Ma and in Maritime and New England province (CNE)this magmatism occurred between 225 and 230 Ma (Eby, 2013). This magmatism is immediately followed by the older White Mountain Igneous Province (OWM) as it a distinctly different emplacement of igneous rocks, from about 200 to clx Ma and then in roughly 122 Ma the Monteregian Hills White Mountain Igneous Province (MHWM),introduced displaying a greater range of diverse rocks (Eby, 2013). The rarity of mafic rocks in the OWN negates any direct comparison with CAMP magmas although, OWM samples have elemental and isotopic characteristics similar to CNE and MHWM which are drastically different from that of CAMP magmas (Eby, 2013). As mafic rocks are abundant in the MHWM and these magmas have been hypothesized to be derived from a depleted mantle source and are related by degrees of melting and crustal contamination, the same models can be applied to the OWM and CNE (Eby, 2013). It can thus be concluded that the CNE, OWN, and MHWM were all derive d from a similar matching magma source and are representative of varying magma compositions related to variations in degrees of partial melting and crustal contamination (Eby, 2013). It is pointed out however, this does not link CAMP magmas to these three as it must come from a separate source magma and has a different history (Eby, 2013).Using the connection made between OWN, MHWM, and CNE, a step in determining the origin of the WMMS is to determine the origin of the CNE. The CNE magmas may the start of a plume origin for the CAMP magmas however, because of the lack of relationship between the CAMP and CNE magmas this hypothesis is yet to be resolved (Dorais, 2005). In assuming that the CNE magmas were the sign magmatism in a plume event, then a composition of oceanic island basalts would not be expected however that is what CNE I has as a composition (Dorais, 2005). Oceanic basalts have been hypothesized to represent the end of plume magma events and thus CNE magmas would be as sumed to have to have erupted after that of the plume, not prior (Dorais, 2005). It has been concluded however, that the CNE rocks may represent pre-shield type magmatism prior to CAMP as it matches elemental characteristics of Loihi magmas which were precursors to the shield magmatism in Hawaii (Dorais, 2005). With these conclusions and the connections between OWM, MHWM, and CNE it is possible that the hotspot/mantle plume hypothesis has further support.ConclusionIt is clear that there is no exact answer to how the White Mountain Magma Series was formed and how it was emplaced into its current positioning. I believe it is join to say that the hypothesis of fracture zones under the province (Chapman, 1968) has little evidence to be considered a reasonable explanation. As to the debate over whether the WMMS is a result of a hot spot track or rifting due to the opening of the Atlantic, I do not believe there is a concise answer. twain hypotheses have what seems to be logical evidenc e for support while they also both have flaws and unaccounted for aspects. To determine one origin hypothesis, I believe it is germane(predicate) to continue work in looking at the larger picture of the WMMS and how it is similar and different to the series of the CAMP and CNE magmas. If additional connections can be made in terms of composition and dating models then additional progress in terms of origin of both the WMMS and the CNE magmas.ReferencesArmstrong, R., Stump, E. (1971). Additional K-Ar dates, White Mountain magma series, New England. American ledger of Science, 270(5), 331-333.Chapman, C. A. (1968). A comparison of the Maine coastal plutons and the magmatic central complexes of New Hampshire. Studies in Appalachian Geology Northern and Maritime, Ed.by E-an Zen, WS White, JB Hadley and JB Thompson Jr., New York, Interscience Pubs., Inc,Crough, S. T. (1981). Comment and reply on Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern north America REPLY. Geology, 9(8), 342-343.Crough, S. T. (1981). Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern North America. Geology, 9(1), 2-6.Dorais, M. J., Harper, M., Larson, S., Nugroho, H., Richardson, P., Roosmawati, N. (2005). A comparison of eastern north America and coastal New England magma suites Implications for subcontinental mantle evolution and the broad-terrane hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42(9), 1571-1587.Duncan, R. A. (1984). Age progressive volcanism in the New England seamounts and the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (19782012), 89(B12), 9980-9990.Eby, G. N. Ossipee field trip guide New Hampshire geological society.Eby, G. N. (2013). Post CAMP magmatism The White Mountain and Monteregian hills igneous provinces, eastern North America.Eby, G. N., Krueger, H. W., Creasy, J. W. (1992). Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the White Mountain batholith, New Hampshire. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 268, 379-398.Eby, G., Kennedy, B. (2004). The ossipee ring complex, New Hampshire. Guidebook to Field Trips from Boston, MA to Saco Bay, ME New England extramural Geological Conference, Salem, Massachusetts, pp. 61-72.Lachance, D. J. (1978). Genesis of the White Mountain magma seriesMcHone, J. G. (1981). Comment and reply on Mesozoic hotspot epeirogeny in eastern north America COMMENT. Geology, 9(8), 341-342.McHone, J. G., Butler, J. R. (1984). Mesozoic igneous provinces of New England and the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95(7), 757-765.

A Normal School Day :: Free Essays

A Normal School Day The cold air hit me in the portray as I opened the door, and with it a cold foggy world unfolded. The air was cold and crisp, and their was a slight crunch as my steps impoverished the crystallised green structures on the cold sleeping floor as I made my way across the field towards the lonely bus stop, onerous to dodge the muddy, waterlogged pits that filled the field. As I reached the end of the field, I had top scramble down a short slimly path to my end point which was very slippery at this time if year. The bus stop couldnt really be called a bus stop, it was just a post in the drop anchor with a picture of a bus on it which had the rank of bus stop. We had to wait for minutes that felt like hours, for a soiled cream and brown corner with a grumpy face, covered from wheel to roof in dust, the red mud around the rims had dried from previous excursions, the remains of its unsuspecting muddy victims. The dirty rotting porta l of a door opened with a hiss as we all filled in to the rotting carcass on wheels. The pilgrimage only lasted 20 minutes, which is nothing if you have lived her all your life, after a while you begin to realise that its only the tourists who are willing to acknowledge your globe in the world, which is good in a way. But we never had proper roads, when we pointed on a map and said thats it , thats where I live, they would look at you queer as you pointed at one small A road running through mid-Devon. Even the map denied our existence, they only ever showed the one road that meant so much to us, our one link to the outside world the city. The bus was warm in the cramped bus, which managed to raise our spirits as the rain hit the superannuated windowpanes, and watching the wind fighting with the trees, trying get its own way.

Somali Piracy Culture Essay example -- Somalia Pirates

Somalia is one of the poorest nations in the world whose economy depends largely on their fishing industry. However, powerful nations have ruined the countrys fishing industry by using huge offshore fishing vessels and by illegally dumping waste material into the Somali coastline. The UN Security Council, the European Union, and NATO largely supported these acts through resolutions. Being confronted by these powerful institutions, a powerless nation, such as Somalia, does not have an array of resources to battle this exploitation. To set up their voice be heard, a Somali Pirate tillage developed in the past twenty years. It consists of hijacking vessels and demanding a ransom. While their actions did not reap much attention in the beginning, publicity and awareness of this issue has steadily increased. The purpose of this paper is to show that the Somali pirate culture has reached a point, where they successfully influence the global economy, which has consequences in countries ar ound the world.By controlling international trade routes, Somali pirates uphold this power. These efforts by the Somali pirates exhibit their disparity and intimate that they will not allow the piracy of their own resources without retaliation. To draw attention to their dire situation, the Somali pirate culture developed over two decades ago, raiding fishing and commercial boats and ships in order to demand ransom from other countries. Though their methods may not be of the most legit methods, their efforts have been effective. Somalias coastline extends to middling under two thousand miles, allowing control to most of where the Gulf of Aden empties out into the Indian Ocean, and creates a choke point. Equipped with small skiffs, firearms, grapnels and ... ... very reason this culture has been initiated, they continue to fight the war against the Somali pirates.Works CitedAgence France Presse. (2009, April 15). Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Inquirer.net http//n ewsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/world/view/20090415-199432/Facts-and-figures-Somalia-piracyReuters. (2009, April 15). Reuters. Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Reuters.com http//www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE53E2JR20090415?pageNumber=2Thakurta, S. (2008, October 10). Somalia piracy The world cant afford to ignore . Retrieved January 12, 2011, from Merinews http//www.merinews.com/article/somalia-piracy-the-world-cant-afford-to-ignore/144093.shtmlWright, R. (2011, January 16). financial Times. Retrieved January 17, 2011, from FT.com http//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/658138a6-219b-11e0-9e3b-00144feab49a.htmlaxzz1BKVMULD0